Mandara: Jalan Keluar Menghadapi Kerentanan dan Menghadapi Kerentanan Pangan
Keywords:
Mandara, ketahanan, guncangan, kerentanan, penghidupanAbstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan praktek “mandara” sebagai cara untuk
membangun ketahanan dan mengurangi kerentanan ketika mengalami guncangan
(shocks) dalam penghidupan masyarakat Sumba. Perubahan iklim mengakibatkan
gagal panen yang menimbulkan guncangan bagi rumah tangga – rumah tangga di
kampung Pakapihak. Modal sosial yang mengikat (bounding) digunakan untuk
bertahan dan keluar dari kerentanan. Penelitian Kualitatif dengan mengaplikasikan
pendekatan etnografi digunakan untuk mendapatkan data komprehensif. Penelitian
menyimpulkan bahwa mandara merupakan pertukaran atau barter yang menjadi
tradisi masyarakat Sumba, yang dilakukan karena adanya jaringan
kekeluargaan/kekerabatan, yang mengikat (bounding) yang dilandasi oleh rasa
saling percaya sehingga terjadi saling membantu dalam rangka pemenuhan
kebutuhan pangan. Praktek mandara ini dapat terus terjadi karena dukungan
norma yang ada dalam tradisi budaya Sumba untuk saling menopang.
Akhirnya mandara merupakan jalan keluar untuk meningkatkan ketahanan
pangan dan mengatasi kerentanan pangan akibat perubahan yang terjadi pada
rumah tangga-rumah tangga di kampung Pakapihak, meskipun bersifat
sementara. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa pengelolaan tradisi
mandara yang baik, akan memberikan keberlanjutan penghidupan meskipun
terjadi guncangan akibat perubahan iklim dan penyebab lainnya. Secara jangka
panjang dapat dikembangkan sebagai cara mendistribusikan hasil pertanian
dan peternakan di masyarakat perdesaan secara modern (mandara modern).
Kata kunci:, mandara, ketahanan, guncangan, kerentanan, penghidupan
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